Abstract Background: the biological activity of vitamin D depends on the activity of its receptor or VDR. On the other hand, the activity of this receptor is influenced by its state of methylation. The objective of this study was to verify if the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene influences its methylation profile in adolescents. Secondly, it was to verify if the status of some metabolic factors (oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid profile, and glycemia) in the serum, and gender-adjusted vitamin D levels are independent factors with an influence on the VDR methylation profile. Methods and results: the study included 198 adolescents of both sexes, aged 15-19 years, who underwent testing for VDR gene methylation polymorphisms, serum vitamin D levels, and metabolic, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation markers. It was observed that the BB genotype was less methylated than the other groups (26.1 % versus 30.3 %, and 29.3 % for Bb and bb, respectively), although without statistical differences between them. The odds ratio indicated a protection of 13 % (partially methylated) for vitamin D status, while alpha glycols increased the risk ratio (of being partially methylated) by 3 %. MDA was protective at a 28 % chance of risk that adolescents with higher levels of lipid peroxidation would be hypomethylated. Conclusion: we conclude that the methylation profile of the VDR gene is not influenced by the different BsmI polymorphism genotypes, and that serum vitamin D and serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation can modulate this profile.

Resumen Antecedentes: la actividad biológica de la vitamina D depende de la actividad de su receptor, el VDR. Por otro lado, la actividad de este receptor está influenciada por su estado de metilación. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar si el polimorfismo BsmI del gen VDR influye en el perfil de metilación del mismo en los adolescentes. En segundo lugar, verificar si los factores metabólicos (estrés oxidativo, inflamación, perfil lipídico y glucemia) del suero y la vitamina D ajustada por sexo actúan independientemente de los polimorfismos sobre el perfil de metilación del VDR. Métodos y resultados: el estudio incluyó a 198 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de 15 a 19 años de edad, que se sometieron a análisis de polimorfismos de metilación del gen VDR, niveles de vitamina D, marcadores metabólicos, estrés oxidativo e inflamación sistémica. Se observó que el genotipo BB estaba menos metilado que los otros grupos (26,1 % contra 30,3 % y 29,3 % para Bb y bb respectivamente), aunque sin diferencias estadísticas entre ellos. El odds ratio indicó una protección del 13 % (parcialmente metilado) para el estado de la vitamina D, mientras que los alfa glicoles aumentaron el índice de riesgo (de estar parcialmente metilado) en un 3 %. La MDA fue protectora con un 28 % de probabilidad de riesgo de que los adolescentes con niveles más altos de peroxidación lipídica fueran hipometilados. Conclusión: concluimos que el perfil de metilación del gen VDR no está influenciado por los diferentes genotipos del polimorfismo BsmI y que la vitamina D y los marcadores de estrés oxidativo e inflamación en el suero pueden modular este perfil.

In the context of the current sociosanitary crisis, we seek here to debate and reflect on policies and strategies to confront Covid-19 in Cuba, which has achieved superior results to other countries in the Latin American subcontinent and most OECD countries. From a series of videoconference interviews conducted with prominent Cuban leaders and academics, we chose here to shed light on the issues that we think are urgent to (re)think about the tragic Brazilian experience. Role of the State, government and health system – especially Primary Healthcare in prevention, surveillance, and promotion –, relations between management, services, sciences and biopharmaceutical industry, community and women's participation in the ongoing process are some of the topics discussed.

En el contexto de la actual crisis socio-sanitaria, buscamos aquí discutir y reflexionar sobre las políticas y estrategias para hacer frente al Covid-19 en Cuba, que ha logrado resultados superiores a los de otros países del subcontinente latinoamericano y la mayoría de los países de la OCDE. A partir de una serie de entrevistas por videoconferencia realizadas con destacados líderes y académicos cubanos, elegimos aquí arrojar luz sobre los temas que creemos que son urgentes para (re)pensar en la trágica experiencia brasileña. El papel del Estado, el gobierno y el sistema de salud, especialmente de la APS, - en la prevención, vigilancia, promoción y atención de la salud – las relaciones entre la gestión, los servicios, las ciencias y la industria biofarmacéutica, la participación de la comunidad y la mujer en el proceso en curso son algunos de los temas tratados.

No contexto da atual crise sociossanitária, buscamos aqui debater e refletir sobre políticas e estratégias de enfrentamento a Covid-19 em Cuba que tem alcançado resultados superiores a outros países do subcontinente latino-americano e a maioria dos países da OCDE. A partir de uma série de entrevistas por videoconferências realizadas junto a destacados dirigentes e acadêmicos cubanos, optamos aqui por jogar luz às questões que julgamos serem urgentes para (re)pensarmos a trágica experiência brasileira. Papel do Estado, governo e sistema de saúde – em especial da APS na prevenção, vigilância, promoção e cuidado da saúde –, relações entre gestão, serviços, ciências e indústria biofarmacêutica, e a participação comunitária e das mulheres no processo em curso são algumas das temáticas discutidas.

RESUMO Esse trabalho propõe-se a demonstrar de que modo as fanfictions, uma dentre várias práticas sociais do uso da escrita em contextos extraclasse, podem promover o letramento literário bem como a autoria em atividades escolares. A fundamentação teórica dessa investigação encontra-se em Bakhtin (2013), Foucault (1992), Possenti (2009), Cosson (2002) e Dolz et al (2004). Foram avaliadas 15 produção textuais que tiveram como base para atividade de escrita os contos Tangerine-girl de Rachel de Queiroz e Missa do Galo de Machado de Assis. Em todas as produções, promoveu-se a escrita do gênero textual diário pessoal a partir da perspectiva da personagem feminina, buscando incorporar no texto autoral elementos relativos ao conteúdo e aos eventos mais significativos de ambas as narrativas e à obediência ao gênero textual a ser produzido. Evidenciou-se que a leitura do gênero conto aliado à escrita de fanfictions é exemplar para o desenvolvimento do letramento literário e promoção da autoria porque permite não apenas uma compreensão detalhada dos múltiplos sentidos do texto como também uma reconstrução dialógica a partir desse entendimento nas etapas de produção textual.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to demonstrate how fanfictions, one among several social practices of writing outside school environments, are capable of promoting literary literacy as well as authorship through school activities. The theoretical foundations of this investigation are based on Bakhtin (2013), Foucault (1992), Possenti (2009), Cosson (2002) and Dolz et al (2004). 15 text productions were evaluated and they were based on the short stories Tangerine-girl by Rachel de Queiroz and Missa do galo by Machado de Assis. In all text productions, the writing of personal diary entries from the perspective of the female character was the goal. They were intended to incorporate elements related to the contents and most significant actions of both narratives as well as the characteristics of the text genre to be produced. Results showed that the reading of the short story together with the writing of a fanfiction is exemplary for the development of literary literacy and authorship promotion because they not only allow a detailed understanding of the multiple meanings of the text but also permit a dialogic reconstruction from this understanding in the steps of text production.

Abstract The aim of this study was to use estrus synchronization protocols to favor fixed-time artificial insemination and consequently fixed-time embryo collection, and increase embryo production using eCG, in gits. In a cross over design, nine Piau breed gilts were subjected to 18 days of oral progesterone; P4 group did not receive any further; GnRH group received 25µg of GnRH 104 hours after the final application of P4; and eCG+GnRH group received 1000IU of eCG 24 hours after the final P4 in addition to GnRH for subsequent embryo collection, that was performed six days after first AI, by laparotomy. Artificial insemination was performed after 12 and 24 hours of estrus in P4 group, and 128 and 144 hours in GnRH and eCG+GnRH groups. The number of CL (8.6±3.9; 8.3±2.1; 26.7±15.0) and anovulatory follicles (4.3±3.7; 3.9±3.9; 17.2±9.5) was higher in the eCG+GnRH gilts (P<0.05). However, the use of 1000 IU of eCG reduced (P<0.05) the number of total structures (5.2±3.6; 5.1±3.1; 1.7±2.7), viable embryos (5.0±3.5; 4.8±3.3; 0.4±0.7), freezable embryos (3.6±3.4; 3.3±3.8; 0.1±0.3) and recovery rate (63.7±38.9; 58.6±24.7; 5.38±9.5). P4 and GnRH protocols were effective in the production and recovery of embryos. However, the use of 1000 IU of eCG, 24 hours after P4, was not effective in promoting the production of embryos, although the animals had superovulated.

RESUMEN Introducción: La rehabilitación respiratoria (RR) es una componente central del tratamiento no farmacológico de la EPOC. El entrenamiento físico es un elemento primario de RR. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la efectividad de estos programas prescritos por enfermeros. Objetivos: Identificar el impacto de un programa de RR, prescrito por enfermeras, sobre la capacidad de autocuidado de la persona con EPOC. Métodos: Hemos realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura hasta el 4 de febrero de 2019, utilizando MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus y CINAHL. Resultados: Este estudio, demostró que las personas con EPOC, que participan en un programa de RR, prescrito por enfermeros, demostraron una reducción en los niveles de fatiga, una mejora en la calidad de vida y en la capacidad de realizar actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusión: El estudio permitió identificar que los programas de RR de enfermería tienen un impacto positivo en la reducción de la fatiga, aumentando la capacidad de las personas para participar en actividades de la vida diaria y mejorando su calidad de vida.

RESUMO Introdução: A Reabilitação Respiratória (RR) é uma componente central do tratamento não farmacológico da DPOC. O treino de exercício é um elemento primordial da RR. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre a efetividade destes programas prescritos por enfermeiros. Objetivos: Identificar o impacte de um programa de RR, prescrito por enfermeiros, na capacidade para o autocuidado, da pessoa com DPOC. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de literatura até ao dia 4 de fevereiro de 2019, com recurso à MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and CINAHL. Resultados: Incluímos um estudo que comprovou que as pessoas com DPOC, que participaram num programa de RR, prescrito por enfermeiros, revelaram uma redução nos níveis de fadiga, melhoria na qualidade de vida e na capacidade para executar as atividades de vida diária. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu identificar melhorias nos níveis de fadiga, na qualidade de vida e na execução das atividades de vida diária resultantes da reabilitação respiratória prescrita por enfermeiros.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is a central component in the non-pharmacological treatment of COPD. One of the primary elements of PR is exercise training. However, little is known about the effectiveness of conducting these programs by nurses. Objectives: Identify the impact of an PR program, prescribed by nurses, on the capacity for self-care of the person with COPD. Methods:: Systematic literature review until February 4, 2019, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and CINAHL. Results: The systematic literature review included 1 article which showed that people undergoing PR programmes, supervised by nurses, revealed a decrease in fatigue levels, an improvement in their life quality and in the daily routine tasks/activities execution. Conclusion: This review allowed to identify that nurse-led interventions has positive impact over fatigue, health related quality of life and in daily living activity performance of COPD patients.

Abstract Objective: to verify the association of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and glycemic levels with the genetic variants rs1544410 and rs2228570 of the VDR gene in adolescents from the Northeast region of Brazil. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 208 adolescents from public schools in the city of João Pessoa (Paraíba, Brazil) between 15 and 19 years of age. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and analysis of polymorphisms rs1544410 and rs2228570, as well as biochemical analyses (25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium and glycemia). Results: the mean age was 17.7 (± 1.14) years. Half of adolescents had sufficient serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the other half had insufficient/deficient vitamin. The most frequent genotypic distribution was bb and Ff and of lesser frequency BB and ff. There was a significant relationship between the genotypes of rs1544410 and glycemia values (p = 0.049) in the relationships between the genotypes BBxbb (p = 0.012) and Bbxbb (p = 0.037); (p = 0.036, OR = 2.15, 95 % CI = 1.05-4.41), and in the BB+Bb group analysis when compared to the bb (p = 0.025, OR = 1.89, 95 % CI = 1.08-3.29) presented higher risk of glycemia above the median. On the other hand, when Bb+bb was analyzed in relation to BB, adolescents had a greater chance of blood glucose below the median (p = 0.025, OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.95). Conclusion: this study showed a significant relation of glycemia with the distribution of rs1544410 polymorphism genotypes.

Resumen Objetivo: verificar la asociación de las concentraciones séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina D y los niveles de glucemia con las variantes genéticas rs1544410 y rs2228570 del gen VDR en adolescentes de la región noreste de Brasil. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal con 208 adolescentes de escuelas públicas en la ciudad de João Pessoa (Paraíba, Brasil) de entre 15 y 19 años de edad. Se recogieron muestras de sangre para la extracción de ADN y el análisis de los polimorfismos rs1544410 y rs2228570, así como para análisis bioquímicos (25-hidroxivitamina D, hormona paratiroidea, calcio y glucemia). Resultados: la edad media fue de 17,7 (± 1,14) años. La mitad de los adolescentes tenía niveles séricos suficientes de 25-hidroxivitamina D y la otra mitad, vitamina insuficiente/deficiente. La distribución genotípica más frecuente fue bb y Ff y la de menor frecuencia, BB y ff. Hubo una relación significativa entre los genotipos de rs1544410 y los valores de glucemia (p = 0,049) en las relaciones entre los genotipos BBxbb (p = 0,012) y Bbxbb (p = 0,037); (p = 0,036, OR = 2,15, IC 95 % = 1,05-4.41), y el análisis del grupo BB + Bb en comparación con el bb (p = 0,025, OR = 1,89, IC 95 % = 1,08-3,29) mostró un mayor el riesgo de glucemia, por encima de la mediana. Por otro lado, cuando se analizó Bb+bb en relación con la BB, los adolescentes tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de que la glucosa en sangre estuviera por debajo de la mediana (p = 0,025, OR = 0,66, IC = 0,47-0,95). Conclusión: este estudio mostró una relación significativa entre la glucemia y la distribución de genotipos de polimorfismo rs1544410.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: É classificada como dor crônica a dor que persiste por um período superior a três meses. Estudos atuais sugerem a existência de uma relação dinâmica entre mudanças biológicas, estado psicológico e contexto social dentro do fenômeno da dor e de sua cronificação. A sensibilização central pode ser definida como a amplificação da sinalização neural dentro do sistema nervoso central que provoca hipersensibilidade à dor, caracterizada pela sobreposição de sintomas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sensibilização central, crenças disfuncionais e outras variáveis como autopercepção sobre qualidade do sono em um grupo de pacientes com dores crônicas de uma unidade de atenção primária de saúde. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes responderam a questões sociodemográficas, questões sobre hábitos e crenças relacionadas à dor e preencheram o questionário de sensibilização central. RESULTADOS: Os 30 participantes incluídos no estudo apresentaram o valor médio de 49,86±16,14 para sensibilização central, além de elevada presença de crenças disfuncionais e autopercepção ruim do sono. CONCLUSÃO: A necessidade de um olhar biopsicossocial, que se proponha a investigar as crenças e o nível de sensibilização central de pacientes com dores crônicas se mostra cada vez mais necessário, assim como é fundamental compreender as condições socioeconômicas de cada indivíduo para melhor avaliação e cuidado. Abordagem inicial educativa, com linguagem acessiva, que estimula a reflexão e participação dos pacientes para a compreensão dos seus sintomas foi bem aceita pelos pacientes.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The pain that persists for more than three months is classified as chronic pain. Current studies suggest the existence of a dynamic relationship between biological changes, psychological state, and social context within the pain phenomenon and its chronicity. Central sensitization can be defined as the amplification of the neural signaling within the central nervous system that causes pain hypersensitivity, characterized by overlapping symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the central sensitization, dysfunctional beliefs and other variables such as self-perception about sleep quality in a group of patients with chronic pain. METHODS: The patients answered sociodemographic questions, questions about pain-related habits and beliefs, and completed the central sensitization questionnaire. RESULTS: The 30 participants involved in the study had a mean value of 49.86±16.14 for central sensitization, as well as a high presence of dysfunctional beliefs and poor sleep self-perception. CONCLUSION: The need for a biopsychosocial look aiming to investigate the beliefs and level of central sensitization of patients with chronic pain is becoming increasingly necessary, as it is essential to understand the socioeconomic conditions of each individual for better evaluation and management. An initial educational approach in an easy language that stimulated the reflection and participation of patients to understand their symptoms was well accepted by these patients.

Abstract In view of the epidemiological relevance of periodontal disease and chronic noncommunicable diseases, the study aimed to evaluate the relationship between them through subclinical indicators of systemic risk in a population group with healthy habits, including alcohol and tobacco abstinence. A complete periodontal examination of six sites per tooth was performed in a sample of 420 participants from the Advento study (Sao Paulo), submitted to anthropometric and laboratory evaluation. Periodontitis was defined and classified based on the Community Periodontal Index score 3 (periodontal pocket = 4–5 mm) and score 4 (periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm). The prevalence of mild/moderate and severe periodontitis was 20% and 8.2%, respectively. Both categories of periodontal disease had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, C-reactive protein, calcium score, and calcium percentile, whereas blood glucose after tolerance test was significantly higher among people with severe periodontitis and HDL-c levels were lower (p < 0.05). Young adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of obesity, pre-diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Besides these conditions, the older adults with severe periodontitis had significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis. The group with periodontitis had also a higher coronary heart disease risk based on the PROCAM score (p < 0.05). The results indicated associations of periodontitis with several systemic indicators for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and highlighted the need for multiprofessional measures in the whole care of patients.

Abstract Cross-species hybridizations have been extensively used to generate animals and plants better suited for draft and food and fiber production since Roman times, and are still important in current agricultural practices with growing uses especially in aquaculture. Diagnostic tools based on marker panels with sufficient numbers of markers for accurate identification of cross-species hybrid individuals from intercrossed and backcrossed populations are increasingly necessary for practical, accurate species-purity certification and management of commercial broodstocks. Minimal numbers of di-allelic markers with species-specific alleles required to accurately identify hybrid individuals in intercrossed and advanced backcrossed populations were estimated using power analysis, and ranged from 5 to 191 (α = .05), and from 7 to 293 (α = .01), considering backcross 1 (BC1) to BC6 populations, respectively. Numbers of markers required for accurate hybrid identification observed in simulated BC1 to BC6 populations ranged from 5 to 1,131 and 7 to 8,065, considering error rates ≤ 5% and ≤ 1%, respectively. Estimated and observed numbers of diagnostic markers required for accurate hybrid identification up to four generations of backcrossing fall within practical operational limits of most commercial platforms currently available for genotyping low-density SNP marker panels. Therefore, cost-effective assay panels could be developed to provide practical tools for accurate species-purity certification.

Resumo Desde 2014, o Brasil vive crise econômica-fiscal-política-institucional. Este estudo avalia se a implementação das respostas à crise contribuiu para fragilizar a governança regional e federativa do SUS. Trata-se de estudo de implementação, ampliando-o com duas categorias da saúde coletiva, o poder em Testa e o sujeito em Campos, compreendendo que a implementação desloca poder e constrói sujeitos. Analisamos dados públicos, de 2014 a 2018, organizados em quatro eixos de análise: a) instrumentos de implementação da resposta à crise; b) interferência do Legislativo e do Judiciário nos investimentos; c) marcos legais da regionalização; d) atores federativos e possíveis coalizões de defesa. Os resultados revelam redução de recursos federais, especificamente para redes regionais de atenção; aumento da interferência legislativa e judicial nos recursos da saúde, pela evolução das emendas parlamentares e das ações judiciais e mudanças nas diretrizes de regionalização do SUS. Observa-se deslocamento de poder dos arranjos regionais federativos para o governo central, parlamento, judiciário e serviços locais isolados. Conclui-se que a resposta à crise fragilizou a governança regional federativa do SUS, agravando os impactos da crise na saúde.

Abstract Since 2014, Brazil has been experiencing an economic-fiscal-political-institutional crisis. This study evaluates whether the implementation of crisis responses contributed to weaken SUS regional and federative governance. This is an implementation study, and two theoretical categories of public health, the power in Testa and the subject in Campos have been incorporated. It presumes that the implementation shifts power and develops subjects. We analyzed public data from 2014 to 2018, organized into four axes of analysis: a) instruments for implementing crisis response; b) parliament and judicial interference in investments; c) legal frameworks of regionalization; d) federative actors and possible defense coalitions. Results show reduced federal resources, specifically for regional care networks; increased parliament and judicial interference with health resources, due to the evolution of congressional amendments and lawsuits, and changes in SUS regionalization guidelines. There is a shift of power from federative regional arrangements to the central government, parliament, the judiciary, and isolated local services. It is concluded that the response to the crisis weakened the regional federative governance of SUS, aggravating the impacts of the crisis on health.

Resumo Desde 2014, o Brasil vive crise econômica-fiscal-política-institucional. Este estudo avalia se a implementação das respostas à crise contribuiu para fragilizar a governança regional e federativa do SUS. Trata-se de estudo de implementação, ampliando-o com duas categorias da saúde coletiva, o poder em Testa e o sujeito em Campos, compreendendo que a implementação desloca poder e constrói sujeitos. Analisamos dados públicos, de 2014 a 2018, organizados em quatro eixos de análise: a) instrumentos de implementação da resposta à crise; b) interferência do Legislativo e do Judiciário nos investimentos; c) marcos legais da regionalização; d) atores federativos e possíveis coalizões de defesa. Os resultados revelam redução de recursos federais, especificamente para redes regionais de atenção; aumento da interferência legislativa e judicial nos recursos da saúde, pela evolução das emendas parlamentares e das ações judiciais e mudanças nas diretrizes de regionalização do SUS. Observa-se deslocamento de poder dos arranjos regionais federativos para o governo central, parlamento, judiciário e serviços locais isolados. Conclui-se que a resposta à crise fragilizou a governança regional federativa do SUS, agravando os impactos da crise na saúde.

Abstract Since 2014, Brazil has been experiencing an economic-fiscal-political-institutional crisis. This study evaluates whether the implementation of crisis responses contributed to weaken SUS regional and federative governance. This is an implementation study, and two theoretical categories of public health, the power in Testa and the subject in Campos have been incorporated. It presumes that the implementation shifts power and develops subjects. We analyzed public data from 2014 to 2018, organized into four axes of analysis: a) instruments for implementing crisis response; b) parliament and judicial interference in investments; c) legal frameworks of regionalization; d) federative actors and possible defense coalitions. Results show reduced federal resources, specifically for regional care networks; increased parliament and judicial interference with health resources, due to the evolution of congressional amendments and lawsuits, and changes in SUS regionalization guidelines. There is a shift of power from federative regional arrangements to the central government, parliament, the judiciary, and isolated local services. It is concluded that the response to the crisis weakened the regional federative governance of SUS, aggravating the impacts of the crisis on health.